CHARLOTTESVILLE, Va. -- An independent review of the circumstances surrounding an August rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, that led to a woman's death found police were unprepared and failed to protect the public.
The August 12 "Unite the Right" rally was a gathering of white nationalists and other far-right groups that culminated in the death of Heather Heyer when a man drove a car through a crowd of counterprotesters.
The rally was originally planned as a protest over the city's decision to remove a Confederate statue of Robert E. Lee.
Former US Attorney Timothy Heaphy released the results of his investigation in a 220-page report Friday, detailing failures by the city and law enforcement to prepare adequately for the rally, which led to a breakdown in communication and an inability to protect participants.
But Heaphy said at a press conference Friday morning that his investigation "never found evidence of misconduct ... or anything but the best of intentions" on the part of local and state police.
Charlottesville hired Heaphy's law firm to review how the city handled the protest. Heaphy is set to present his findings to the Charlottesville City Council on Monday evening.
In remarks following the press conference, Charlottesville Police Chief Al S. Thomas Jr. said he was "committed to implementing the recommendations" made in the report.
"We are a community divided, we are still a community in crisis," Thomas said. "It's not a time for finger-pointing; it's a time to come together."
The report also cited evidence from officials who said that the police chief told officers to let the two sides fight, to make it easier to declare an "unlawful assembly" and provide a basis for it. The report said Thomas did not remember making that statement.
Kevin Martingayle, an attorney representing the chief, said after the press conference the report's assertion that Thomas said, "Let them fight," is inaccurate.
Failure to prepare
Charlottesville officials failed to prepare adequately for the August event, the report said, by not providing specialized training for police on the ground. Some officers, Heaphy said, didn't even know how to use the riot gear that they'd been issued that day in case the rally became violent.
Charlottesville also should have consulted with other cities and communities where similar gatherings had occurred and taken their advice, Heaphy said.
"Some of those cities actually reached out," he said, pointing to Portland, Oregon, where right-wing protesters and left-wing demonstrators clashed in June.
Still, none of the shared information became part of the Charlottesville police's plan, Heaphy said. He called the decision not to implement the intelligence a "tremendous failure."
"The fact that there was no effort to talk with those other places and gather lessons learned was a missed opportunity," the former federal prosecutor said. "There was a sense of, 'We got this.' "
Local and state police didn't consult with each other and develop an operational plan ahead of the rally, Heaphy said, and the result was a lack of unified command. With different agencies on the ground, there needed to be coordination, Heaphy said, and without it, joint efforts were "horribly inefficient."
Communication failures
Inadequate communication was another misstep, the investigation found.
Central to this breakdown was confusion over whether the event would take place in Emancipation Park, where it was originally planned, or move elsewhere. The rally ultimately stayed at that park, but the uncertainty forced police to "plan for different contingencies."
As a result, it was unclear where crowds would gather, and police were spread thin and ineffectively placed to respond to the battling groups, Heaphy said.
Another issue was how long it took for an "unlawful assembly" to be declared, the investigation found. From the time it was requested -- around 10:50 that morning, Heaphy said -- it took 40 minutes for police to get prepared and declare an unlawful assembly.
Failure to protect the public
The third failure was law enforcement's inability to protect the public, Heaphy said.
"The most tragic manifestation of the failure to protect public safety after the event was declared unlawful was the death of Heather Heyer," the report said.
In the immediate aftermath, both rally-goers and counterprotesters said that police had not done enough, and in some cases, intentionally stood by.
Heaphy's investigation found that Charlottesville police officers had been ordered to intervene only in violent altercations between participants if there was a possibility of serious injury or death. "Short of that, they were not going to intervene," he said.
Meanwhile, according to the investigation, the Virginia State Police had been told its responsibility was to protect Emancipation Park, and not to disperse violent participants or make arrests because of concerns for those officers' safety.
In interviews with line officers, Heaphy said, he was told they believed "they were prevented from doing their job."
"In sum, this was a poorly conceived plan that was not flexible enough to not accommodate changing conditions," Heaphy said at the press conference. "Good intentions, gone awry. Failure to communicate, failure to protect, all a product of the failure to prepare."
