RICHMOND, Va. -- It's not every year that a super blood wolf moon happens, so be sure to look up this weekend for one of the first skywatching events of 2019.
Most of the world will be able to catch a glimpse of this rare event, especially North and South America, Europe and Africa.
But you may be wondering what that name even means. Let's break it down.
What's in a name?
Basically, this rare total lunar eclipse is happening at the same time as a supermoon. But there's a little more to it than that.
Lunar eclipses can occur only during a full moon, and this one is extra special because it's also a supermoon. A supermoon occurs when the moon is full and closest to Earth in orbit.
The moon will be in perfect alignment with the sun and Earth, with the moon on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun.
Earth will cast two shadows on the moon during the eclipse. The penumbra is the partial outer shadow, and the umbra is the full, dark shadow.
When the full moon moves into Earth's shadow, it will darken, but it won't disappear. Sunlight passing through Earth's atmosphere will light the moon in a dramatic fashion, turning it red.
Depending on weather conditions, it may be rusty, brick-colored or blood-red.
This happens because blue light undergoes stronger atmospheric scattering, so red light will be the most dominant color highlighted as sunlight passes through our atmosphere and casts it on the moon.
So where does the "wolf" part come in? Each moon has its own name associated with the full moon. In January, it's known as the "wolf moon," inspired by hungry wolves that howled outside of villages long ago, according to the Old Farmer's Almanac.
When and where to watch
This unique total lunar eclipse will begin on January 20 at 10:35 p.m. ET and end at 1:51 a.m. ET on January 21.
"Viewers will see a normal full moon at first starting at around 10:35 p.m. Eastern time," said Walter Freeman, assistant teaching professor at Syracuse University's College of Arts and Sciences' physics department. "At that time, the Earth's shadow will begin to pass in front of the moon, blocking almost all of the sun's light from reaching it. Observers will see the moon appear to be progressively 'swallowed up' starting from the lower left. This process will end at 11:40 p.m., when the Earth's shadow covers the whole of the moon's surface; this is the beginning of 'totality.' This will last until around 12:40 a.m., when the motion of the Earth's shadow will carry it past the moon, and the moon will gradually again be lit by the sun. At 1:45 a.m., the moon will be fully visible again."
This will be the last total lunar eclipse visible in the United States until 2022. The United States missed out on the longest total lunar eclipse of the century, which happened in July 2018.
But why don't we see total lunar eclipses more often?
"There is a little less than one total lunar eclipse per year on average," Freeman said. "A lunar eclipse can only happen during a full moon, when the moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the sun. But the moon's orbit is tilted a little bit compared to the Earth's, so usually when the moon is full, the Earth's shadow passes a little bit above or a little bit below it. This is why we don't have a lunar eclipse every month."
Partial eclipses are more common.
The Virtual Telescope Project will share a live stream of the lunar eclipse at its brightest above the skyline of Rome.
And unlike solar eclipses, the lunar eclipse is safe to view with the naked eye or binoculars. It also affords a unique view of the sky.
"A blood moon is one of the few opportunities we have to see both the moon and the stars in the sky at the same time, since the moon is usually too bright," Freeman said.
