West Virginia chemical spill casts spotlight on loose regulation

That was the setup in West Virginia last week when a chemical spill contaminated a river supplying water to hundreds of thousands of people. Officials say there wasn’t much regulation at the site where the spill occurred and that little is known about the chemical that leaked.

Now, state officials say they’re considering increasing oversight.

“Absolutely,” Gov. Earl Ray Tomblin told CNN. “We need to do what we can to see that this kind of incident never happens again. There’s no excuse for it.”

Two U.S. congressmen say the spill exposes regulatory gaps in the country’s chemical control laws.

And many in the area are asking key questions: What caused thousands of gallons of a chemical used to clean coal to spill into the water? How dangerous is the chemical? And why didn’t anyone catch the problem sooner?

State regulators last inspected site in 1991

The last time a state environmental inspector visited the site where the chemical leaked, was 1991, according to Tom Aluise, a spokesman for the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection.

State environmental officials said the facility — owned by Freedom Industries, which supplies products for the coal-mining industry — had the only permit it was required to have: an industrial storm water permit.

“Basically they had to monitor the runoff from the rain and send us the results every quarter. Those were the only regulatory requirements,” said Randy Huffman, cabinet secretary for the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection. “The materials they were storing there is not a hazardous material.”

That’s because the facility didn’t process the chemicals, he said. It just stored them.

The 1991 visit to the site in Charleston, the capital, occurred because it stored different materials that required regulation, Aluise said.

A federal prosecutor said he’s investigating to see whether any laws were broken when the chemical leaked into the Elk River.

But even if no regulations were violated, rules in the state could change as a result of the spill.

“We’re also, at the governor’s request, developing some proposals for how we might more properly regulate these facilities in order to minimize the risk of a spill,” Huffman told reporters Monday.

As the cleanup and investigation into the spill continues, some federal lawmakers say the situation highlights a regulation problem.

“We are writing to request that you immediately schedule a hearing to examine the regulatory gaps that this incident has exposed in the nation’s toxic chemical control laws,” Rep. Henry A. Waxman, D-California, and Rep. Paul D. Tonko, D-New York said in a letter Monday.

Little known about chemical

The storage tank had been holding 4-methylcyclohexane methanol (MCHM), a licorice-scented chemical used to clean coal.

Government health and safety officials say they don’t know much about it.

But they told about 300,000 people in nine counties to stop using the water once they discovered that 7,500 gallons of the chemical had leaked on Thursday.

On Monday, they said people in some areas could start using the water again and assured them that it would be safe.

Investigators are still looking into what caused the problem.

This much is clear: somehow the chemical leaked out of the storage tank, breached a concrete wall surrounding the tank, seeped into the soil and reached the water supply.

Freedom Industries President Gary Southern said last week that residents’ safety had been his company’s first priority since he learned about the leak.

“We have been working with local and federal regulatory, safety and environmental entities … and are following all necessary steps to fix the issue,” he said. “Our team has been working around the clock since the discovery to contain the leak to prevent further contamination.”

An emergency official told CNN that when he saw the tank, it looked old.

“I would say the tank was antique,” said C.W. Sigman, deputy director of emergency services in Kanawha County.

Elizabeth Scharman, West Virginia’s poison control director, told CNN last week that the chemical inside the tanks had not been studied.

“We don’t know the safety info, how quickly it goes into air, its boiling point,” she said.

That raises an important question, Waxman and Tonko said Monday.

“It is critically important that we understand how the law allowed a potentially harmful chemical to remain virtually untested for nearly forty years. … We should not have to wait for a major contamination event to learn the most basic information about a toxic chemical in commerce,” they said.

A 2005 fact sheet about the chemical filed with West Virginia environmental officials offered guidance for what to do if a large spill is detected: “Prevent runoff from entering drains, sewers, or streams.”

CNN’s Alexandera Field and Meridith Edwards reported from Charleston, West Virginia. CNN’s Catherine E. Shoichet reported from Atlanta. CNN’s Alina Machado and Emily Smith contributed to this report.