Government shutdown: 20 questions answered

(CNN) — Let’s start with the obvious question: Will the government shut down this week? Most likely.

Republicans and Democrats can agree on that. It’s everything else that has them bickering and blaming. And unless they strike a deal on a spending bill Monday, the government will begin closing shop at 12:01 a.m. Tuesday.

After weeks of congressional back-and-forth, the ball is now in the Senate’s court. It meets at 2 p.m. Monday to decide what to do next.

A shutdown, while likely, isn’t a foregone conclusion. The deadline is midnight — and one day can be a long time on Capitol Hill.

Here’s a quick Q&A to get you caught up on what happened over the weekend and what to look forward to Monday.

1. Why would the government shut down?

Congress has one key duty laid out in the Constitution — pass spending bills that fund the government. If it doesn’t, most of the functions of the government — from paying the military to funding small business loans to processing passport requests — would grind to a slow-motion halt.

2. Why does it have to pass a spending bill in the middle of the year?

It may be the middle of the calendar year. But the government’s fiscal year runs from October 1 to September 30.

3. What’s the holdup?

House Republicans insist the spending bill include anti-Obamacare amendments. Senate Democrats are just as insistent that it doesn’t.

4. How is Obamacare tied to funding the government?

The health care law isn’t directly tied to funding the government, but it’s being used as a bargaining chip. A group of Republicans, led by freshman Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, despises the president’s signature health care plan so much that it’s willing to risk government shutdown or default.

5. What are some of the objections to Obamacare?

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the actual name of the law, requires all Americans to have health insurance. Opponents say it’ll hurt employers and amounts to overreach by the federal government. Some have also criticized the medical device tax that’s part of the law, saying that by imposing such a tax, it’s basically sending jobs overseas.

6. What’s the Democrats’ defense?

They say the law will expand access to health care and help rein in the rising costs of coverage. Obamacare prevents those with pre-existing medical conditions from being denied health insurance, and proponents say those who have health insurance will no longer have to indirectly pay for those who show up in emergency rooms uninsured.

7. What happened with the spending bill over the weekend?

The Republican-dominated House passed two spending bill amendments Sunday morning — one that would delay Obamacare for a year, and one that would repeal the Obamacare’s medical device tax. The bill now goes back to the Senate, where Democrats who control that chamber have consistently said any changes to Obamacare would be a deal-killer.

8. What happens Monday?

The Senate will meet at 2 p.m. ET — 10 hours before the deadline. It’ll “do exactly what we said we would do and reject these measures,” Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid said. “The American people will not be extorted by Tea Party anarchists.”

In other words, the Senate will send its version of the bill — one without any changes to Obamacare — back to the House.

Rep. Tim Griffin of Arkansas said the Senate is running out the clock. “At some late hour, they’ll pass something and then they’ll say ‘Oh my gosh, we’ve run out of time.'”

9. So is there any hope?

You could look at the glass-half-full scenarios.

— Sen. Rand Paul told CBS’ “Face the Nation” the two chambers of Congress should go to conference. Such committees are common when both houses pass competing bills and need to reconcile the differences. Senate Democratic Whip Dick Durbin said he’s open to talking with Republicans, “but not with a gun to my head.”

— If the Senate rejects the bill, the House will reconvene “in enough time” and send another provision, House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy told “Fox News Sunday.” But he said the next bill the House passes will involve Obamacare in some way.

10. If nothing changes, does the government shut down?

Yes, for the first time since late 1995. That one lasted 21 days, into 1996.

11. How will it happen?

There won’t be a thunderclap or clang of bells. First order of business? Draw up a dividing line between workers deemed essential or non-essential. Those in the first category will carry on operations. The others will power down until Congress comes to its senses and funds the government.

So, for example, park rangers would start locking up national parks. And most furloughed federal workers are supposed to be out of their offices within four hours of the start of business Tuesday.

12. How many government workers could be furloughed?

Most of the 3.3 million government workers are deemed “essential” — they’ll keep working. But more than 783,000 government employees will sit at home, according to a CNN analysis of contingency plans published by the federal government on Friday. Not all government agencies submitted contingency plans.

13. What will this do to the economy?

Depends on how long it lasts. If it’s just a few days, the hit might not be severe. But three or four weeks? “(That) would do significant economic damage” — reducing GDP by 1.4 percentage points for the quarter, says Mark Zandi, chief economist and co-founder of Moody’s Analytics.

14. How will this affect me?

In ways big and small. The mail will continue to come. The military will continue to fight. And Social Security checks will continue to be paid.

But if you need a federal loan to buy a house, you’ll have to wait. If you want a gun permit or a passport, that won’t happen anytime soon.

15. Will a shutdown kill Obamacare?

Probably not. Most of the money for Obamacare comes from new taxes and fees, as well as from cost cuts to other programs like Medicare and other types of funding that would continue even if the government shuts down.

16. Will the president get paid during a shutdown?

Yes. His salary — $400,000 — is considered mandatory spending. It won’t be affected.

17. What about House and Senate members?

They’ll keep drawing checks, too.

18. What does John Q. Public think of all this?

A CNN/ORC International poll that came out Monday found that 46% will blame congressional Republicans if the government closes its doors, with 36% saying the president would be more responsible and 13% pointing fingers at both.

19. Is there any hope if a deal isn’t struck by midnight?

If lawmakers reach an agreement by late Monday night, but the funding bill hasn’t made it to the president’s desk, the government can ignore a short lapse in funding and carry on in good faith knowing that it will. The last time that happened was in April 2011.

20. Isn’t there another matter — the debt ceiling?

Ah yes, that’s the next battle brewing. Remember that time when you maxed out your credit card? That’s what the debt limit is all about. The U.S. is on the verge of maxing out its $16.699 trillion credit card. And the president must ask Congress to raise the country’s credit limit.

Like the potential shutdown, this is also a Washington-manufactured crisis. And it too is being used for leverage to undermine Obamacare.

But the debt ceiling debacle won’t come to a head until October 17. Perhaps it’s best to deal with one showdown at a time.

CNN’s Leigh Ann Caldwell, Z. Byron Wolf, Adam Aigner-Treworgy, Laura Koran, Lisa Desjardins, Bryan Monroe and Gregory Wallace contributed to this report.